The purpose of white balance is to balance, as suggested by the name, the colors to match the color of the light source so that white objects appear white. There are different types of light sources, including sunlight, incandescent bulbs, and fluorescent lighting.
The image sensor in a digital camera will reproduce these color differences just as they are, with the result that without additional processing the color of the photograph would appear to change according to the light source. Auto white balance automatically processes the image to remove unwanted color casts by, for example, making photographs taken under incandescent bulbs more blue to correct the reddish cast of this type of lighting. Normally, auto white balance will produce the desired results without the photographer having to worry about the type of lighting. If auto white balance does not produce the desired results, the photographer can choose from a number of fixed white balance options according to the weather or the light source. The photographer ca choose a setting for direct sunlight or incandescent lighting to introduce a deliberate red or blue cast according to their creative intent.
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